Advanced cervical cancer continues to be a major issue in female health, particularly in less economically advanced countries. In cases of locally advanced or metastatic disease standard treatment is often unsuccessful; new preventive approaches and novel treatment methods, which use therapeutic vaccines and synergistic strategies involving chemotherapy and immunotherapy, are implemented. Vaccination against highly oncogenic HPV strains is an established preventive method against precancerous conditions and invasive cervical cancer. Third phase results of the VIVIANE clinical trial confirmed the efficacy of such an approach: a nine-valent HPV vaccine reduced the risk of cervical cancer by more than 70%. Phase II clinical trials showed that a therapeutic vaccine based on a modified bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is a promising treatment option for women with metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer. Although immunotherapy involving the use of tumour infiltrating T cells in cervical cancer is also promising, further studies are needed. Phase III trials confirmed the efficacy of anti-angiogenic bevacizumab in parallel with cytostatic drugs in advanced cervical cancer. The final evaluation of GOG 240 findings demonstrated improved progression-free survival and overall survival. Nanotherapy represents a system of delivering therapeutic substances to cancerous cells using nanostructures 10–100 nm in size as vectors. The nanoparticles are mainly lipids (e.g. liposomes), polymers, micelles or noble metals. This procedure is currently assessed using established cell lines of cervical cancer and animal models. It seems effective and devoid of cytotoxic effects on healthy cells. It is likely that nanotherapy will be applied in the near future in women with cervical cancer.